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HYDROPHOBIC (FEAR OF WATER)

This photograph was taken to represent the reaction between motionless paint and gushing tap water. Refining the glass of paint to a dark lit room using the shutter speed accompanied by the flash and a readily available sink, the camera was able to capture the moment the gushing water broke the surface tension and sent projections of the solution spurring in a variety of directions. The tap water penetrates the surface tension of the paint, causing the impact of its magnitude due to acceleration. The reason why a component is paint is because the surface tension of water is high, this is because the amount of molecules at the top are less, so they bind together. Paint contains surfactants, which are compounds that lower the surface tension, which allowed the tap water to collide with the paint solution. Surface tension is a large part of our lives as detergents are designed to lower the surface tension of water by separating water molecules. This allows bacteria to be moved away by the hydrophobic ends of the of the detergent molecules, which push up towards the surface weakening the hydrogen bonds, this weakens the surface tension, revealing that science is everywhere.

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THE COLOURFUL PATTERNS IN LIFE

Nature inspires the artistic patterns as science offers an abundance of macro and micro creations to express the wonder of life. The fly strategically explores its habitat. The fiber networks, luminous light, and line patterns attracting insects. The fly explores the textures seeking camouflage and food. The intricate patterns on the man made fence resembling the linen patterns of the fly.

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A MID WINTER NIGHT'S SHIVER

This shows that science is all around because of the background rather than the foreground.

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No title

The sunsets are often yellow orange and red because small particles and molecules change the direction of light rays in the atmosphere, causing them to scatter. Sunlight passes through more air at sunset than during the day because the sun is low on the horizon, and more atmosphere means more molecules to scatter the blue light away from your eyes. When the blue light is being scattered away, the other colours continue to be seen and because red has the longest wavelength of any visible light, the sun appears red on the horizon.

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FINGERPRINT FLAMES

"Fingerprint Flames" shows a rendition of the Flame Test. A blend of different coloured flames have been created from igniting salts saturated in an alcohol. The four chlorides (potassium, lithium, strontium, barium) and two sulphates (copper, sodium) used, all have unique atomic emission spectra (ES) which is responsible for the range of colours seen. I shot the range of colours radiating from the different piles to communicate the elaborate concept of unique emission spectra. When a chemical compound is given enough energy (provided by fire here), the atoms within absorb this energy and raise to a higher energy-level. However, their instability means they quickly drop back to ground level. During this, energy as electromagnetic radiation is emitted. Each element’s unique electron configuration means they emit specific wavelengths of light and have characteristic emission line spectra. The idea to photograph the coloured flames fusing was to creatively and aesthetically represent how the understanding of ES applies to our society in that, these emission lines act like a fingerprint, allowing us to identify chemicals especially when they are mixed. From making fireworks, to even discovering the components of stars, our society’s use of the concepts photographed truly show that science is everywhere!

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CLOVEN-HOOVED CLIMTE CHANGE

Science is everywhere. It’s in nature, agriculture and the impact of world food production. Cloven-Hoofed cattle are bred globally for milk and meat production. Farming them has a significant impact on the natural environment. In order to solve issues regarding the subject, we need to look at the biological roots of the problem. One of the biggest dilemmas in the agricultural world today is the fact that we don't have a solution for preventing the effects that livestock farming gives on the earth, the biggest being the emissions created by the animals and the process of making the food. farming makes up a third of the greenhouse gasses emitted in the atmosphere, and it’s significantly impacted by climate change. Each year, cows produce 34.6 billion kg of CO2, and by limiting demand of cow products, we can reduce the overall emissions by 15%. By using more eco-friendly farming methods, it benefits not only the future of agriculture, but also the future of the overall natural environment.

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THEN THERE WERE FOUR

Along the great ocean road, where the forest meets the sea many of the worlds most beautiful natural phenomenons occur. This photo not only captures the erosion of The Twelve Apostles but also captures the eerily beautiful phenomenon, fog. The Pentax film camera, captures the beauty of relentless ocean and the low flying cloud that rests gently over the four standing Apostles.

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LOVE AND LIGHT

It doesn’t matter where you go or what you do, love is all around. Inside the human brain there are chemicals and hormones that are associated with love. These amazing chemicals are called endorphins. Love lights you up because of the endorphins that flow through you when you are happy, with these positive chemicals influencing a person’s emotions. 

I have always been fascinated with Light Painting and wanted to recreate this concept to demonstrate Science is Everywhere for this photography competition. In this picture I have photographed moving light to show two lovers, one with a heart and the other with an infinity symbol representing their eternal love for one another. Together these images show the strong bond between two people which releases the endorphins in each other with carefully constructed beams of light sculpted in this image. 

The affectionate love between these two people is unbreakable and this is represented with light. True love is a bond and when strong cannot be touched. 

"Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind," as Helena said in Shakespeare’s "A Midsummer Night';s Dream", showing that love and light perhaps are more scientific than we realise.

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THE RED FORMOSA

I have chosen to enter this photograph into the competition, because when I went camping to the Flinders Rangers, I happened to come across a Sturt Desert Pea (Scientific name - Swainsona Formosa). My photo closely relates to this year’s theme because there are many aspects of "science is everywhere" in my photo. Firstly, the sunlight reflecting onto the leaves in the background illustrates the process of photosynthesis. Where we were in the Flinders Rangers, the sun was really strong during the day making the leaves look healthier and greener due to the sunlight. A second example of the science within this photo is the rainbow reflection in the top third of the picture. This shows the light being scattered within the lens of my camera, in response to the bright sunlight of the day. Lastly, this flower is a good example of Australian native flora, known for its adaptation to the arid climate. It was first discovered in 1699 by William Dampier and officially made the state flower in 1961. I hope that you enjoy my photo!

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PULSE

This photo captures 2 principles of science, light shockwaves and reflection. When photons —  or rays of light — coming from the blue light shockwaves strike the smooth surface of the mirror, the light bounces back at the same angle. Your eyes see these reflected photons as a mirror image. The blue geode which is a segment of volcanic rock, which is sitting in the middle is illuminated by the shockwaves reflecting off the mirror. The light shockwaves forms when the local air pressure increases and then spreads out sideways, which as shown within the picture as blue dispersion of light. Science is all around us, from every time we look in a mirror to little treasures hidden inside rocks. When you combine them, they create awe-inspiring moments for us to capture.

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APIS AND THE LIMONIUM

My photo is about a bee pollinating a flower. My title is Apis and the Limonium because the word Apis is the scientific name for a bee and the word Limonium is the scientific name for the Statis flower that the bee is on. 

This relates to nature because bees are pollinators and help plants grow, breed and produce food.  They do this by transferring pollen between flowering plants. 

Bees help the environment because without them, plants would die and the animals eating those plants would die and so on. 

If all the bees in the world died, the world and every living thing in it would only have approximately four years left to live.

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IN BLOOM

A flower in bloom is one of many pleasing results of photosynthesis. Plants get their nutrients from the sun, Photosynthesis begins when sunlight, water and carbon dioxide are combined within the cells of plants. When photosynthesis begins, plants are able to produce glucose. This glucose give the plants nutrition to grow.

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BUSH-WALK-TREE

This photo is one of my favourites. I like how I took it. The main aspect of the photo is the bark with the background/ outside blurry so it only focuses on the bark. This is why I chose this photo.

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ACTION REACTION

This photo demonstrates Newton’s 3rd law; That for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Force is equal to mass time acceleration (f=ma) The hand transfers force to the bag moving it with a certain amount of force depending on the mass and acceleration of the fist. Then the bag in return transfers the same amount of force back into the fist. This can be observed through the movement of the caulk and the rebound of the hand.

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IRON IN LICHEN VEINS

This photo was taken at Remarkable Rocks on Kangaroo Island, and features the orange lichen , which absorbs the iron from the Granite below, giving it a bright orange contrast to the blue sea below. The wear lines from run off make the lichen itself appear vibrant and show the strength of the lichen, as it grows under the immense power of the ocean below.

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EYE AND THE SEA

this photo shows that science is everywhere because this photo includes a lens ball which uses refraction. refraction is the bending of light it occurs when light travels towards an object of denser mass. refraction is at 0°, at 0° the light goes towards the denser mass of the object, as it hit's the denser mass of the object the light comes back at the same direction and angle it went toward the glass or object. I think this relates to science is everywhere because refraction can happen in water, air, glass and more. there is science in water because of bacteria and life underwater, in air because of living creatures and in glass because of light, refraction's and more they all include particles as well.

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LIFE AND DEATH

Through the lens of a camera, the world around us can be perceived as one big science textbook. The explanations for the reasoning of what is occurring is the science element. The formulation of the photograph is the creativity. 

In this photograph, the upper jaw of a kangaroo is seen as the focus. The herbivorous teeth are seen in their original location, with some organic tissue framed by either side of the jaw. Surrounding the bone are multiple grass-like weeds. The sunlight cast upon the structure highlights the white bone curvature, making a stark comparison against the dire landscape. The natural ‘V-shape’ of the bone draws the eye across the image, yet the mind is inquisitive to further discover what lies behind. 

Evidently, the sight of a faunas decaying body suggests the idea of death within the cycle of life. Although this may be a life lost, others are benefiting from it. Presumably, scavengers and in this instance the opposing kingdom; flora. The anatomical structure of a kangaroo’s upper jaw and dental structure can also be seen. Overall, the photograph is conveying the idea that nothing gets lost in the world, only the form changes.

An error was noted in judging by Prof John Long that this is not the upper jaw of a kangaroo. This is the lower jaw of a sheep. 

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WORLD POLLINATION

A vital life source, yet often overlooked, bees provide countless benefits to humanity. Prominent in every continent (minus Antarctica), these incredible critters pollinate over 80% of the world’s cultivated crops and are responsible for one-third of our food production; powering both the global economy and our rumbling tummies! Along with us, they also play a vital role in keeping all land based animals alive. Everyone from the lovely lion to the playful puppy can thank the humble bee for their invaluable role in the food chain! 

The delicious by-product of their hard work also has a sweet spot in our hearts. Honey is not only a natural sweetener and a delightful alternative to processed sugar it also delivers a number of amazing health benefits; from helping lower one';s cholesterol levels and blood pressure to reducing the risks of heart disease.

Their sticky beeswax also proves useful in daily life. From fuelling candles and body scrubs for our relaxation, to making plastic wrap alternatives which help reduce pollution in our landfills and waterways; cleaning up our environment. 

The amazing benefits of bees are too numerous to calculate. Their world dominating presence is found everywhere… quite like science!

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NURTURE

In science, there are so many different areas. And prahaps the most complex and yet simplest area is Biology. Science really is in everything we do and see, every rock, every tree, every bird, it's all connected by science. A mother bird nurturing her young is no ecception to this and it is one of the reasons I love science.

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TIME TO REFLECT

By definition, reflection is the return of light or sound waves from a surface. Time to Reflect is an example of specular reflection, where light waves are reflected off of a smooth surface. 

In specular reflection the incident light waves bounce off a surface as reflecting light waves. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident light waves and the normal. This angle is equal to the angle of reflection, this is the angle between the normal and the reflecting light waves. This concept is known as the Law of Reflection, this concept is different from refraction as the waves of light are not being separated into their colour components, in reflection all wavelengths are being reflected at equal angles. The image Time to Reflect relates to the subject ‘Science is Everywhere’ as it shows how concepts in photography e.g. reflecting light and images, can have strong links to science and scientific laws. The subject of a frog, is also important as the health of frogs reflect the healthiness of our environment, being small creatures they are usually the first to be affected by changes to their environment by things such as pollution and acid rain.

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URBAN RAINBOW

Light travels as transverse waves. Whenever any type of wave energy makes contact with a material surface, it will be either reflected, refracted or dispersed. Reflections are a result of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation waves with the surface of a reflective material. They are created when a surface mirrors light rather than absorb it. If the surface is smooth like glass, metal or water as displayed in the photograph, the light will be reflected at the same angle as it hits the surface. In this instance, the reflected light rays all travel in the same direction. This reflection is called specular reflection. Water being a reflective surface is especially effective at mirroring the light when it is flat and still. The water in the photograph is extremely still, allowing a perfect mirror image of the coloured lights to be displayed as a reflection on the water. Colour is a characteristic of visual perception that produces sensations on the eye as a result of the way an object reflects light. Many different colours are displayed and reflected in the photograph. Reflections and colours are two examples of science displayed in everyday life and captured in this photograph.

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A REVOLUTIONISED WORLD

Science is changing the world as we know it, new discoveries are being made every day about the past, present and the future. Back when the dinosaurs were roaming the lands and cave people were carving their stories in stone, the world was a huge unknown. But since then science has become life. Every thought we think, every word we speak and everything we see around us is science. This concept is shown in my photograph, it shows how humans have used the science around them to create systems that help us better navigate and understand the world. It shows a timeline of the very first glimpse of life to where we are now. Without science nothing would exist. This photograph would not exist, this day, night, week, month and year would not exist. We need science and science needs us.

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LIFE UNDERNEATH THE LENS

Cells are the smallest living organism on planet earth, and we need to understand cells in order to understand ourselves. They are our building blocks but yet so many people do not understand them. I wanted to capture this image of a cell to shine light on their beauty, encapsulating one of the many varieties which can be seen under the microscope. This shows us a world we have only scrapped the surface on and how we need science to dive deeper into the life of cells.

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WILDFIRE

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THERE'S NO GOLD IN MOLD

Science is everywhere even when we don't see it. For example mold, also known as a type of fungi, is microscopic and can live and grow on any surface when moisture is present. As we can see in the photograph, mold on strawberries is usually seen as a fluffy mycelium. Mold is grown from tiny spores that float in the air, and when these spores fall onto pieces of damp food, it starts producing chemicals to feed itself, breaking down and rotting the food, making it visible to the naked eye. As a piece of food rots, the mold starts to grow more. There are many types of mold, and depending on what food is molding, will depend on the colour of the mold. For example on the strawberry the mold is a greyish-white colour, however on a lemon mold will be a blue-green colour. Scientists have started to appreciate how important some fungi are that live on our skin and for our overall health. Mold can also be black, white, orange, green or purple. Fungi lives everywhere, in water, on trees, underground, in the air and even on our bodies.

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UNDERWATER WONDERLAND; WHAT GIVES CORAL IT'S COLOURS?

Zooxanthellae are a microscopic algae living inside coral tissue. They are photosynthetic which means they get all of their energy from the sun; they then use this energy to provide a food and energy source to the coral. This is called an endosymbiotic relationship. Zooxanthellae have pigments inside of them that give corals their bright colours.

Being photosynthetic, coral reefs only exist in shallow waters where sunlight can reach them. 

Healthy corals can come in different shades of green, blue, red, tan and yellow. In a healthy coral colony, nothing is affected by bleaching or disease. Unfortunately, around 50% of our coral reefs are dead or dying. 

When coral is stressed by changes to its environment such as temperature or ocean acidity, the coral can expel the zooxanthellae, leaving the coral skeleton bare. This is dangerous because it leaves the coral skeleton vulnerable to being overtaken by other invasive alga that essentially kill the coral. It is possible for the bleaching to be reversed if the environment returns to normal conditions in a short time span. Otherwise, the coral will die. Coral that has been bleached and taken over by invasive algae often becomes grey or brown in colour.

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BALANCING ACT

1977 is the year that The Hindmarsh Building Society donated the well known spheres that are a perfect example of physics with a balancing act. 

This perfect representation of physics in the Rundle mall has brought many people into the city and given society a place to gather to fight for change or hold events. 

It shows that economical science can be brought in from a simple yet physically complicated structure such as the Rundle Mall Spheres.

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This photo relates to the subject "Science is Everywhere" because of how this rock was made and formed. This rock was probably under rough waters for thousands of years forming in to this beautiful rock many hues of orange and beige.

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BEAUTY IN ONES OWN REFLECTION

The law of reflection states, when a ray of light is reflected from a smooth surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence and the incident ray. The reflected ray and the normal ray all lie in the same plane. There are two types of reflection, these are known as diffuse and specular reflection. Diffuse reflection is when light hits an uneven surface and scatters at different angles. The other type of reflection is specular reflection, this is when light hits a smooth surface and bounces in a way that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

When light reflects off the mirror in such a way that the angle of incidence is not equal to the angle of reflection, the image is perceived as blurry or out of focus. Incident rays travelling to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will pass through the focal point upon reflection. Incident rays passing through the focal point on the way to the mirror will travel parallel to the principal axis upon reflection.

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HALO ON THE RANGES

Recently I went on a school trip to the Flinders Ranges. While at a lookout in Bunyeroo valley there was a fascinating rainbow ring around the sun. The natural occurrence is caused by tiny icicles that refract the sunlight causing a ring or ‘halo’ to appear around the sun. I was truly intrigued by this and captured this photo as it was something I had never seen before and with the already naturally beautiful scenery of the Flinders Ranges was simply breathtaking.

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EARTH'S LITTLE SAVIOURS

As Superman goes unrecognised, hidden behind his journalist disguise, so too do the secret heroes of humanity. Although their busy lives are often forgotten in the background hummm of spring, without bees, we would not be able to survive. 

we would only be able to live another four years without bees. Earthwatch institute declares that bees are the most important species living on planet Earth. Bees are pollinators. Pollination is when pollen from a male part of a flower is transferred to a female flower of the same species. Once the pollen has been transferred to the female it then allows for seeds to be produced. When a bee is flying they become positively charged with static electricity So, when they land on a flower the negatively-charged pollen sticks to the positively static-charged hair on their legs or abdomen. Without bees, 70 of the 100 species of crops would die. Those 70 species of crops feed 90% of the world. Honey bees by themselves are responsible for $30 billion a year in crops. Also, without those crops the animals that eat them would not be able to survive. This would result with a major reaction in the food chain.

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SRPING HAS SPRUNG

Sometimes when you look around it’s the smallest things you might not notice at first that are doing the most important jobs. It’s only when you look closer that you can truly see the science of our world everywhere you look.

Take this bee for example – this photo of her was snapped while walking through the school yard. At first glance she might just seem like a little insect flying around from flower to flower, but look closer and you’ll notice how crucial her role is to the survival of our world. Without her travelling around pollenating our plantations, approximately 70 of the 100 crops our population lives off would die out. The entire world around us would be drastically effected if bees stopped doing their jobs. Flowers and crops would be scarce, food webs would be altered and entire ecosystems would be disrupted. Bees affect us in almost every walk of life, and they are critical everywhere if we are to continue thriving as a population.

Thus, without little bees just like this one pollenating flowers, spring would not have sprung.

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WHERE THE WORLD BEGINS

"Where the world begins"; describes a paddock scene with a background rainbow. The photo pinpoints the ideas of society perceiving "science" as mixing chemicals and blowing things up and while this may be true its important to note that Science is far more than just these things, this photo shows science through a natural lens. The rainbow that is seen in the background all happens through science, the way the pivot runs all happens through science, everything in this photo is brought to life by science. from the grass to the sky everything comes from some form of science, natural or not. I think is really important to showcase this idea and  I wanted to enter a photo that showcases science in its purest form which is why I chose "Where the world begins". I chose the name where the world begins as  the photograph very much depicts the begins of most things, for example in order to feed a town farming is required and farming could be consided the beginnings of food production lines. As well as this some of the simplest things like rainbows happen to be some of the first things to ever be observed on earth.

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FLAMING ROSE

When a flower captures sunlight. Colours, Nature, Blazing in full colour. It really is a sight to see, the rays of sunlight blazing through the petals, trapped, unable to escape. It gives the impression that the flower is glowing, sending streaks of amber light flying everywhere. Yet another form of Science. There when you least expect it. Anything, Everything. Science truly is everywhere.

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GRASS AND WATER

Grass like all plants use photosynthesis and grass also uses like many plants produce a bright pigment chalked Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll allows the function of photosynthesis to happen. Grass needs energy from the sun, carbon dioxide, air, water and soil. Water on the other hand is H2O. Water is a molecule with one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, bonded by shared electrons. This hydrogen bond is the reason behind many of waters special properties, such as the fact that it’s denser in its liquid state than its solid state. Water provides an efficient way to transfer substances from a cell to the cells environment. Water regulates the earths temperature and without it we would surely die. We need it plants need it and so do animals. Water is also an impressive solvent, which means it is very good at dissolving things. Water is made up of most our bodies and most of the earths surface as well. The majority of it approximately 30 trillion cells make up the body while the rest sits in blood. Water is also very important to the water cycle and how we get and clean our waters. Water is also present in many other planets.

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SPECTACLE OF SCIENCE

Everywhere you go, your eyes are with you; the two telescopes of vision. Your eyes paint what is in front of you but then its up to you what you want to see. Science is everywhere, from the atoms that make up a butterfly's wings to the great depths of space one is yet to know. Science is everywhere whether you may see it through the energy wind possesses or through the benefits that blade of grass provides. Even if you see science only in your science textbook, it is there. It has been and always will be there because of your two precious windows that give you the gift of science. Science is everywhere, but without them; science is...nowhere.

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CHARLIE THE VOCAL HOUSE CAT

I chose to submit this image of my cat Charlie to relate to the subject “Science is Everywhere” because as anyone who has a cat or has spent time with one knows, they are mysterious. The language of cats relates to the aforementioned topic as not only does a purring cat translate to “please keep loving me” it can also heal bone damage in an injured cat, attests some researching scientists. Additionally, the purr is a highly unusual vocalisation, transcribed through rattling the vocal cords together, creating the ‘purr’ sound rather than vibrating them by pushing air past them which is how all their other vocal sounds are generated. Moreover, another relation to the aforementioned topic is that house cats are known to be much more vocal than wild cats. The characteristic sound of the “meow” perpetrated by a house cat is hardly ever heard in feral cat colonies. This is because cats create a ‘private language’ to communicate with their owner, each meow signifying a different one of their needs. Therefore, it is evident that my photo of charlie relates to the subject “Science is Everywhere” because it is even prominent in my house cat, through her vocalisation.

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SCIENCE OF LIFE

To show science is everywhere in its most primary form, life, this image was taken of a variety of different plant species found on school grounds. Layered on top of each other with petri dishes on a lightbox, you can clearly see veins within the leaves with all shades of green, pink and yellow in mesmerising gradients and contrasts. It is nearly always forgotten that plants are science, they can do some of the most incredible things. Photosynthesis for example is incredible, it quite literally turns light into food, like magic. Plants are also some of the most underestimated organisms, people forget, that it is the reason we are alive; they provide us with fresh, clean air to breathe; nutritious and delicious food to eat; strong and powerful materials to build, to create. They provide habitats for the worlds creatures. Botany, the science of plants, is the science of natural life.

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WHERE THE WORLD BEGINS

"Where the world begins"; describes a paddock scene with a background rainbow. The photo pinpoints the ideas of society perceiving "science" as mixing chemicals and blowing things up and while this may be true its important to note that Science is far more than just these things, this photo shows science through a natural lens. The rainbow that is seen in the background all happens through science, the way the pivot runs all happens through science, everything in this photo is brought to life by science. from the grass to the sky everything comes from some form of science, natural or not. I think is really important to showcase this idea and  I wanted to enter a photo that showcases science in its purest form which is why I chose "Where the world begins". I chose the name where the world begins as  the photograph very much depicts the begins of most things, for example in order to feed a town farming is required and farming could be consided the beginnings of food production lines. As well as this some of the simplest things like rainbows happen to be some of the first things to ever be observed on earth.

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NATURE'S ESSENTIAL WORKERS

Bee’s perform the fundamental needs of the survival of agriculture. This photo displays the powerful and essential mutualistic relationship between flowers and bee’s, and their value for each other to survive. It captures the purpose and importance of bee’s in nature and their essential position in pollination to keep ecosystems alive and thriving.

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BARRIERS

The picture taken represents oil droplets upon water, and the differentiating colours showcase the barriers between these two substances. It shows that science can be seen within simple yet still complicated mixtures of oil and water which choose not be combined instead lay upon each other. Science is not one big combination of elements instead they lay upon each other to form a structure and work of each other.

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SWEET BEGINNINGS

This is a demonstration on how science needs to be everywhere, a humble bee that is having a battle with our lifestyle and environmental changes. With the assistance of science pesticides was created causing a reduction to the population of bees across the world. Now we look into science to resolve this issue to regenerate and reduce factors which are threatening the existence of these creatures.

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CYCLE OF SCIENCE

The picture displays a Tree houseleek in focus amongst other succulents, there is water among the leaves from the recent rains. The image relates to science being everywhere through both the biology of the plant, along with the raindrops that are on it. Amongst the leaves of the houseleek there is a small bug, this shows how science is a cycle, the process of cloud formation and rain, the growth of plants, and the life cycle of small creatures. Science is everywhere, with thousands of unexplored opportunities in the world, and potential discoveries.

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FROZEN JAVELIN

Occasionally, in freezing climates, peculiar "ice spikes" can be seen protruding upwards from a frozen surface, for example in a lake or bird bath. These can also sometimes be seen forming in ice cubes in the household freezer - their origin lies in chemical and physical properties. As liquid water freezes, first, inwards along the surface of the ice cube tray compartment and then along its sides, its volume increases due to rearrangement of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form a lower density (by about 9%), hexagonal prism, crystal lattice - water is one of the few substances in which the solid form is less dense than the liquid. The progressively expanding volume of ice increases the pressure of the liquid water core of the ice cube and forces it upwards through a yet unfrozen hole in the surface. As the liquid protrudes out of the surface of the cube, its surface freezes and envelopes the growing spike of liquid water, until the spike tip freezes over. Water is the most abundant molecule on the Earth's surface and is all around us - just as science is - its physical and chemical properties on vivid display.

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BENEATH THE LEAF

Science is everywhere and when taking a closer look and observing things from a different perspective so much more can be seen and revealed about the world around us. Nature is very complex and made up of many systems and processes one of which I was lucky enough to witness. When observing the wildlife and plants of my grandparent’s garden I noticed a fairly large butterfly hovering around darting from bush to bush. When I took a closer look, I noticed that it was laying a single egg on various leaves of the grapefruit tree. I attached my micro lens to my phone and captured this photograph of one the tiny eggs. After some research of the butterfly, I was able to identify its species as the Papilio anactus commonly known as the dainty swallowtail. These native butterflies are predominantly found in the south-eastern region of Australia. Females lay their eggs on the edge of soft newly grown shoots of citrus plants. This photograph captures the truly captivating and extraordinary beauty of science and demonstrates how science is occurring everywhere, in every detail of nature science is behind it.

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RADIANT ROAD

For this photo I tried to take a simple photo and think of what science is something that everyone would understand and I thought of light. Light is a type of radiant energy that in this image I wanted to show as a guide, a path. Since I want this photo to show girls that there are so many types of sciences and if you love it then follow that path and have faith in yourself.

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EVOLVED

Did you know many scientists believe that all life on earth evolved from a single-celled organism which lived approximately 3.5 billion years ago? Although today there are millions of species which inhabit the sea, land and sky on our planet, they are all connected in a sense that they are all living, breathing organisms with an instinct to reproduce and survive. Even we humans are considered members of the animal kingdom. But what made a group of single-celled organisms so unique and varied? In short, the answer is evolution. Evolution is a species’ natural tendency to change its physical features, behaviour, and diet in order to have the best chance at survival. In the photograph seen above, the eye of a cat (left) and the eye of a human male (right) are aligned in comparison. While the cat’s pupil is a slit and the iris takes up most of the visible eyeball, the human’s pupil is round and the iris is significantly smaller. Variation like this is a result of survival adaption, such that a cat requires sharp eyes for hunting at night, while humans are thought to have smaller eyes to detect emotion and subtly communicate with other humans.

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REGROWTH

Plants are magnificent organisms full of science. Some plants have the ability to regrow from a simple cutting. This process is called asexual propagation. This form of propagation involves taking a part of a single parent plant and applying to it the conditions to regenerate itself into a new plant. This new plant is genetically identical to its parent. For this process to work you need to apply the conditions to allow for photosynthesis to occur. These conditions are Co2 (carbon dioxide ) + H2O(water) + light. This photo shows a plant cutting a few weeks into water propagation. Propagation is a key part of life as without plants we wouldn't survive as they keep our ecosystem alive.

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FLOATING ON METAL

This photo describes a natural object, the flower, inside a man made object, a playground tunnel, thus the name floating on metal. The flower is being reflected into the water because of the water's reflective surface. The water turns out to be see as pristine blue due to again the water's reflective surface reflecting the blue of the background behind it. Water is a reflective object that can help create amazing pieces of art and this is helped by science showing us why this happens. We hope that we will start thinking about how science has helped us create things of beauty by simply explaining to us the simplest of concepts, by learning of the law of reflection me and my partner where able to create this photo. Hopefully someday in the future we will be able to use science to help us make everyday objects - like a flower and a tunnel - look like an amazing piece of art.

Image 56

MAGIC OF A CRYSTAL BALL

Have you ever been curious why the image appears upside down inside a crystal ball? This photograph best illustrates the physics concept of refraction. The glass sphere functions as a large collecting surface for the light rays; when the light passes through an object of denser mass, such as glass, refraction occurs. In this case, light is bent through the crystal sphere and creates a distortion, hence inverting the photograph. Then refracted toward a common focal point similar to a "convex lens." 

Along with the blurred bokeh background, it creates a magical and compelling image. This photo was shot at a contemporary art museum in Shanghai around New Year time.

Image 57

BEYOND WHAT THE EYE CAN SEE

We are so infatuated on what we can see, so much that us humans have tendencies to forget what really matters. Our concern for science is as inattentive as our ability to examine things closely. I believe this eye reflects the depth needed to understand cells on a multicellular level, with us needing to all take a step forwards and use science to further plunge ourselves into the unknown mysteries of science. Similarly to this we only acknowledge eyes from a distance as we do with science, but when examined closely, we can identify the vast variations in our genetics from one individual from another which produce such remarkable colours.